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Poland has become the leading global target for politically and socially motivated cyberattacks, commonly referred to as hacktivism, according to a recent report by Spain’s Industrial Cybersecurity Center (ZIUR).
The report notes that more than 450 such incidents were recorded in the second quarter of 2025, placing Poland ahead of other European nations in both the number and intensity of attacks.
Following Poland, other countries with significant hacktivist activity include Ukraine, the U.K., France, Germany, the Netherlands, Finland, Lithuania, Romania and Israel. These attacks are largely attributed to pro-Russian groups, which have been notably active since the onset of the Ukraine conflict.
Government institutions and the energy sector have been among the most frequent targets of these cyberattacks. Entities supporting Ukraine, such as nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and media outlets, have been described as particularly vulnerable. These sectors are attractive targets due to their critical infrastructure and sensitive data.
Europe's Europe has accounted for the largest share of global hacktivist activity, with more than 2,500 successful denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks recorded between April and June 2025. This surge is attributed to the exploitation of geopolitical tensions and the region's high concentration of valuable data.
In response to the growing cyber threat landscape, Türkiye has invested in strengthening its cybersecurity infrastructure. The Computer Emergency Response Team of Türkiye (TR-CERT), established in 2013, is responsible for the analysis and mitigation of large-scale cyber threats and vulnerabilities. TR-CERT coordinates with over 1,300 Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) across various sectors to address cyber incidents.
In 2025, Türkiye enacted its first comprehensive Cybersecurity Law, aiming to enhance the country's resilience against cyber threats. The law imposes stricter security requirements on critical sectors and mandates compliance with national cybersecurity standards. It also establishes the Cybersecurity Directorate and Cybersecurity Council to oversee and coordinate cybersecurity efforts nationwide.
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