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As underwater excavations continue in Lake Iznik, Bursa, Türkiye, archaeologists are bringing to light one of early Christianity’s forgotten gems. Now the tombs around the basilica are being unearthed. Located just 20 meters from the lake’s shoreline and submerged 1.5 to 2 meters below the surface, the basilica was discovered in 2014 and has been under systematic archaeological study since 2015.
Led by Professor Mustafa Sahin, head of Archaeology at Uludag University, the project has transformed from a surface survey into Türkiye's only fully-fledged "wet-ground archaeology" effort. Excavation work revealed that the site corresponds to the Holy Fathers Church, constructed where the First Council of Nicaea was held in 325 A.D.
Excavations around the basilica have uncovered cemeteries believed to belong to early Christians. Skeletons found in opened graves are carefully documented by anthropologists and returned to their original places after restoration.
"The damaged tiles of the tombs are repaired, and the skeletons are placed back respectfully," said Sahin. "We aim to disturb as little as possible while preserving the historical and ethical integrity of the site."
Sahin confirmed that archaeological findings now strongly indicate the basilica is indeed the Holy Fathers Church, built on the grounds of the First Council of Nicaea. The council, a pivotal event in Christian history, laid the foundations of the Nicene Creed and shaped core doctrines of the Christian faith.
"Recognition of this site by the Vatican and the mention of a visit by Pope Leo XIV has elevated the basilica's importance to all Christian denominations," Sahin noted. "Even if the Pope does not physically visit, his acknowledgment has turned the church into a pilgrimage site."
"Evidence shows this site was once visited as a 'Haci Kilisesi' or pilgrimage church," said Sahin. "Its dual identity as both a martyrdom and burial church enhances its sacred value."
According to Sahin, the basilica was submerged and forgotten after 1250 due to rising water levels in Lake Iznik. The recent revival through research and promotion has made Iznik an emerging center for faith tourism once again.
The archaeological team avoids removing human remains for storage. Instead, they restore and rebury skeletons with care, leaving the door open for future DNA analysis if needed.
"Our approach is guided by ethics and respect. We document everything and protect the site as if it's still in use," Sahin explained. "We don’t believe in disturbing the peace of the deceased unnecessarily."
The Pope’s potential visit to Iznik coincides with the 1700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea, a moment of historic and spiritual significance. While formal plans are still unconfirmed, the symbolic weight of his acknowledgment has already transformed the site’s status globally.
"Whether he visits or not, the Pope’s words have turned this place into a sacred focus for millions," said Sahin.
The team, currently composed of 10 specialists, plans to expand to 25 as university holidays begin. Experts include geologists, geophysicists, and restorers.
The excavation season, which started in May, is expected to continue through the end of September.
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