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Language impairments are crucial both for diagnosing Alzheimer’s and monitoring its progression, Dr. Fenise Selin Karali, head of the department of speech and language therapy at Biruni University, said.
Although Alzheimer’s is often associated primarily with memory loss, language and communication impairments are among the important early signs of the disease, according to a statement from the university.
Dr. Karalı highlighted that Alzheimer’s should not be seen solely as a memory disorder. She noted, Language impairments play a critical role in both diagnosis and tracking the progression of the disease.
Recent research shows that even individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment—considered the early stage of Alzheimer’s—begin to show signs of language difficulties. Problems such as word-finding difficulties, trouble forming narratives, and inability to sustain conversations may be early indicators of the disease.
She also pointed out that language impairments are not just communication problems but can serve as early markers of cognitive decline. Early intervention through speech and language therapy can help maintain a person’s communication abilities at the highest possible level, supporting social interactions and improving overall quality of life.
In later stages of Alzheimer’s, swallowing difficulties may develop. Dr. Karali explained, “This condition, known as dysphagia, can threaten safe eating and increase the risk of aspiration. Speech and language therapists evaluate both communication and oral-motor and swallowing functions to provide targeted therapeutic interventions.”
At Biruni University’s Speech and Cognition Laboratory, research is being conducted on language impairments related to Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Dr. Karali stated, “Our goal is to illuminate how language can be used both as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. This research also provides guidance for clinical practice.”
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