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On Sunday, Slovenia will become the latest European country to decide whether assisted dying should be allowed, as citizens head to the polls in a referendum.
The vote will decide whether legislation passed by parliament in July, which legalizes assisted dying for lucid, terminally ill adults experiencing unbearable suffering with no remaining treatment options, can take effect.
The referendum follows a civil initiative, supported by conservative parties, which collected over 40,000 signatures to challenge the law.
Slovenia’s debate occurs against a backdrop of gradual liberalization across Europe. The Netherlands and Belgium were early pioneers, legalizing euthanasia in 2002 under strict medical conditions. Luxembourg decriminalized euthanasia and assisted dying in 2009.
Switzerland permits assisted suicide under careful regulation, making it a destination for those seeking help to die.
Austria approved assisted dying for seriously or terminally ill adults in 2021, while Spain and Portugal have adopted highly regulated or partially suspended frameworks.
Advocates of the Slovenian law argue it provides a regulated, compassionate option for terminally ill patients facing unbearable suffering.
Opponents, including religious groups and some medical associations, warn of ethical risks and potential pressure on vulnerable individuals.
For the law to be overturned, a majority of voters must reject it, and the “no” votes must constitute at least 20% of the eligible electorate.
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