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The European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) has announced that 2025 is on track to match 2023 as the second-hottest year on record. According to the agency’s latest monthly temperature analysis, global surface temperatures in November 2025 reached 14.02 °C, which is 0.65 °C above the 1991–2020 average, making it the third-hottest November recorded globally.
The report highlights that regions in northern Canada and the Arctic Ocean recorded temperatures well above average, contributing significantly to the global anomalies. Compared with previous years, November 2025 was 0.20 °C cooler than November 2023 and 0.08 °C cooler than November 2024.
When compared to the pre-industrial period of 1850–1900, last month’s average surface temperature was 1.54 °C higher, underscoring the continuing trend of global warming.
Data from January to November 2025 indicates that global temperatures have closely tracked those recorded in the same period in 2023. The annual average over these months was 1.48 °C above pre-industrial levels, making 2025 one of the warmest years on record.
Although global temperatures for 2025 are not expected to exceed the 1.5 °C threshold above pre-industrial levels on an annual average, the 2023–2025 period represents the first three-year span to approach this critical limit. This signals a concerning development in the context of the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to well below 2 °C, preferably to 1.5 °C.
Samantha Burgess, Deputy Director and Strategic Climate Lead at C3S, highlighted the significance of these findings:"The 2023–2025 period is moving toward surpassing the 1.5 °C threshold for the first time. These milestones reflect the accelerating pace of climate change. The only way to limit future temperature increases is through rapid reductions in greenhouse gas emissions."
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