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The Turkish Ministry of National Education (MEB) has introduced the “Context-Based Multiple Choice Question Writing Guide,” aiming to evaluate not only students’ knowledge but also their skills, attitudes, and values under the Türkiye Century Maarif Model.
The guide will serve as a primary reference for national and local exams, school-wide tests, textbooks, and supplementary materials. Developed with input from academics, education experts, and pilot studies in 12 provinces, it reflects the Ministry of Education’s focus on measuring how students apply learning in real-life contexts rather than simply recalling facts.
The pilot studies involved 14,556 students, 4,361 sixth graders, and 10,195 tenth graders across subjects including Turkish language and literature, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, and religious culture and ethics.
Quantitative data and cognitive interviews were combined to ensure the guide measures students’ ability to transfer and use knowledge in authentic scenarios.
According to the Ministry, context-based questions can take multiple forms: multiple choice, true-false, matching, short answer, or extended response. What makes them context-based is not the format but the relationship between the scenario provided and the student’s ability to apply knowledge.
The guide also includes checklists, explanations, and sample questions to standardize question writing and create a shared language for assessment.
“The guide is designed to equip teachers, exam writers, and textbook authors with the skills to measure learning outcomes accurately, reliably, and validly,” the Ministry said. “All stakeholders must ensure this guide is the main reference when preparing exams, textbooks, and assessment tools.”
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