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Seasonal allergies linked to airborne allergens such as pollen affect around 400 million people worldwide, with experts saying symptoms can be significantly managed through proper treatment and daily precautions, according to a report by BBC.
As spring brings warmer weather and blooming plants, many people experience symptoms including a runny nose, coughing and itchy, watery eyes. The condition, medically known as allergic rhinitis, is often referred to as “hay fever” when it occurs seasonally. In North America, it is more commonly described as seasonal allergies due to varying triggers such as different pollen types.
Experts point out that climate change is contributing to both a rise in the number of people affected and the severity of symptoms. Longer and more intense pollen seasons are making it harder for sufferers to manage their condition without consistent treatment.
At the same time, recent research and improved therapies are making it easier to keep symptoms under control, provided patients follow recommended methods carefully.
Specialists suggest that nasal sprays containing corticosteroids or antihistamines should be preferred over oral medication, as they act directly on the affected area and reduce inflammation more effectively. These sprays are said to better manage congestion, sneezing and other symptoms, making them a common first-line treatment for both children and adults.
For persistent eye irritation, drops containing olopatadine may also help relieve itching.
Decongestant nasal sprays can provide quick relief but are not recommended for extended use. Experts warn that using them for more than five days can lead to “rebound congestion,” where nasal passages become increasingly blocked once the medication is stopped.
This can create dependency and worsen symptoms in the long run.
If oral antihistamines are needed, experts recommend newer options such as cetirizine, loratadine or fexofenadine. These are considered more effective and less likely to cause drowsiness compared to older medications like diphenhydramine.
They also note that combining nasal sprays with antihistamine tablets generally does not provide additional benefit.
Beginning treatment several weeks before pollen season starts can significantly reduce symptom severity. Research shows that starting nasal sprays about four weeks in advance leads to better control during peak allergy periods.
Consistency is also key, as irregular use is a common reason treatments appear ineffective. Experts stress that medication should be used daily, even when symptoms are not present, and at the correct dosage.
Correct use of nasal sprays and eye drops plays a crucial role in treatment success. Sprays should not be directed too deeply into the nose or used while tilting the head backward, as this can cause the medication to drain into the throat instead of staying in the nasal passages.
Instead, the spray should be aimed slightly toward the ear while keeping the head slightly forward. Similarly, eye drops should be applied to the inner corner of the eye with the head tilted, allowing the liquid to spread evenly with blinking.
Limiting contact with allergens is another essential strategy. Experts recommend keeping windows closed during high pollen periods, wearing sunglasses or masks outdoors, and showering after returning home to remove pollen from hair and skin.
These steps help prevent allergens from spreading indoors and prolonging exposure.
Although often considered minor, seasonal allergies can significantly affect sleep, daily comfort and respiratory health. Experts advise consulting a doctor if symptoms persist, as they may be linked to asthma or other respiratory conditions.
Long-term treatments such as allergen immunotherapy may also be considered to reduce sensitivity over time.
Experts emphasize that hay fever should not be dismissed as “just a runny nose,” noting that with the right approach, symptoms can be effectively managed and quality of life improved.
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