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Türkiye’s population reached 86.09 million in 2025, adding 427,224 people compared with the previous year, according to official statistics.
The annual population growth rate stood at 5 per thousand, pointing to a moderate year-on-year increase in resident numbers, up from 3.4 per thousand in 2024.
The population pyramid, which displays the distribution of age and gender, points to lower fertility and mortality rates alongside a growing elderly population and a higher median age, a characteristic pattern in developing countries.
Türkiye’s fertility rate fell further to 1.48 in 2024, extending its decline for the 11th consecutive year and widening the gap below the 2.1 population replacement level.
The age-group breakdown showed that younger and working-age cohorts formed the widest bands of the population pyramid, while totals narrowed steadily across older brackets. The largest cohorts appeared between ages 5 and 39, where both male and female totals stayed above roughly three million per group.
From the 50–54 bracket onward, totals declined step by step, and the drop became sharper after age 70.
In the oldest groups, especially those aged 80 and over, female counts exceeded male counts by a clear margin, indicating a higher female share at advanced ages.
The dependency rate, calculated by dividing the number of dependent individuals by the working-age population, stood at around 46%, remaining below the global average of 55%.
Foreign nationals holding residence status in the country increased by 38,968 over the year to 1.52 million, with women accounting for 50.7% and men 49.3% of the total.
Istanbul remained the country’s most populous city after adding 52,451 residents over the year and reaching 15.75 million people, hosting 18.3% of Türkiye’s total population and ranking as Europe’s most populous city.
It was followed by Ankara with 5.91 million, Izmir with 4.50 million, Bursa with 3.26 million, and Antalya with 2.78 million.
Population density, defined as the number of people per square kilometer, stood at 112 nationwide.
Istanbul recorded the highest density level, at 2,943 people per square kilometer.
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