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Spring has arrived across Türkiye, but with warmer weather and blooming landscapes, doctors also expect a rise in allergic rhinitis cases, or, as it is commonly known, "hay fever."
Professor Dr. Bulent Bozkurt of Lokman Hekim University warns that early diagnosis and awareness are critical as pollen levels increase during the season.
Why allergies spike in spring
Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system reacts excessively to environmental allergens such as pollen, house dust, animal dander, and mold spores.
Bozkurt explains that the condition becomes more common in spring due to higher pollen concentrations in the air. He notes that this is not just an individual health issue but a broader public health concern.
“This condition impacts the quality of life and also creates a significant burden on public health,” he said.
Symptoms of hay fever often resemble a common cold; however, they have some distinct differences. The most frequently reported signs include sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, itching, watery eyes and throat irritation.
Unlike the common cold, allergic rhinitis typically lasts longer and does not involve fever. This helps distinguish the condition from upper respiratory infections.
Bozkurt also highlights that the symptoms can affect one’s daily functions, including work and school performance.
Doctors identify two main types of allergic rhinitis.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis appears mainly in spring and summer and is triggered by pollen. Perennial allergic rhinitis continues throughout the year and is usually linked to indoor allergens such as dust or mold.
Bozkurt emphasizes that avoiding allergens remains the most effective treatment strategy.
“The most effective method in treatment is avoiding allergens. Regular cleaning of indoor spaces, using air filters, and avoiding outdoor environments during periods of high pollen levels are necessary,” he said.
He adds that medications such as nasal sprays, antihistamines, and decongestants can help relieve symptoms when needed.
For patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled with standard treatment, doctors point to immunotherapy as a more durable option.
Professor Dr. Hikmet Tekin Nacaroglu of Medipol Mega University Hospital says that immunotherapy works by gradually exposing the body to allergens in increasing doses, helping the immune system become less sensitive over time.
“This is a long-term treatment, but it helps bring the disease under control and is the only method that can prevent allergies from progressing to asthma,” he said.
Experts stress that a correct diagnosis is essential before starting treatment. Allergy tests, including skin or blood tests, help identify sensitivity to specific pollen types.
Nacaroglu also warns that pollen exposure tends to be higher in the morning and advises against early ventilation of homes during peak periods. He recommends practical steps to reduce exposure, including:
Experts stress that raising awareness plays a key role in managing allergic rhinitis effectively. Early recognition of symptoms allows individuals to take preventive measures and begin treatment sooner.
Bozkurt underlines that allergic rhinitis should not be dismissed as a minor seasonal discomfort. Instead, it should be approached as a widespread health issue that requires timely diagnosis and proper care.
With pollen levels expected to remain high in the coming weeks, recognizing symptoms early and reducing exposure to allergens can help limit the impact of the condition during the spring season in Türkiye.
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