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The United States is currently experiencing its largest measles outbreak in over three decades, with 1,288 confirmed cases reported across 38 states as of early July 2025, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This marks the highest number of cases since 1992 and surpasses the previous post-elimination peak of 1,274 cases in 2019.
The focal point remains West Texas, especially in Gaines and Lubbock counties, with over 750 cases, including 753 confirmed in Texas alone. The outbreak, which began in January 2025, has primarily affected unvaccinated or under-vaccinated communities, notably among a local Mennonite community.
This outbreak has primarily affected children, though cases span various age groups. Experts warn that measles is not a mild illness: complications can include pneumonia, brain inflammation, vision loss, and even death. According to the CDC, about one in eight infected individuals in this outbreak has required hospitalization.
The resurgence is closely linked to declining vaccination rates. Nationally, vaccination coverage for the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine among school-aged children has dropped from around 95% in 2019 to approximately 92% in 2023. In some regions, such as parts of Texas, vaccination rates are significantly lower, hovering around 82% in the areas most affected by the outbreak.
Measles is one of the most contagious viruses known, with up to 90% of non-immune people exposed becoming infected. It spreads through the air and can linger for hours after an infected person coughs or sneezes. The vaccine is highly effective; two doses provide about 97% protection.
According to Harvard Medical School, Dr. Michael Mina has highlighted another concerning aspect of measles infection: it can suppress the immune system, wiping out immunity to other diseases for months or even years after recovery. This “immune amnesia” means that the impact of measles goes beyond the immediate illness.
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