Türkiye recorded the second-lowest life satisfaction score in Europe at 5.3 out of 10, according to a new map by Geo Mapped based on United Nations data, while Finland topped the ranking with 7.8.
The map scores life satisfaction across European countries on a scale from zero to 10, showing a broad divide between higher-scoring northern European countries and lower levels across parts of southeastern and eastern Europe.
Ukraine came in last with a score of 4.7, making it the only European country included in the study to fall below five points.
Finland stood out with the highest score at 7.8, followed by Denmark and Iceland at 7.5. Sweden came in at 7.3, while Norway and the Netherlands each scored 7.2.
Much of Western and Central Europe also remained above 6.5. Luxembourg recorded 7.1 and Switzerland 7, while Germany, Ireland and Belgium each reached 6.9.
Poland, Czechia and Austria followed at 6.8, while the United Kingdom scored 6.7. France and Italy came in at 6.6, followed by Spain at 6.5 and Portugal at 6.
The map showed lower levels of life satisfaction across several Balkan and eastern European countries, although results varied considerably across the region.
Slovenia scored 6.9, while Kosovo and Lithuania stood at 6.7 and Romania at 6.6. Estonia, Latvia and Serbia each recorded 6.4.
Hungary and Greek Cyprus received 6.3, followed by Montenegro at 6.1, Croatia at 6, Bulgaria at 5.9 and Russia at 5.8.
Greece, Albania, North Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina each scored 5.7, placing them above Türkiye's 5.3.
Türkiye's score left it second from the bottom among the European countries covered by the map.
Ukraine ranked last at 4.7, while Türkiye remained the only other country listed with a score below 5.7.
The findings showed the highest life satisfaction levels concentrated largely in northern Europe, while lower scores appeared more frequently toward the continent's southeast and east.