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Alexandria is preparing to bid farewell to one of Africa and the Middle East’s oldest tram systems, as the city’s 163-year-old streetcars approach their final weeks of service. For many residents, the tram represents more than a mode of transport; it is a symbol of the city’s heritage and identity.
The Alexandria tramway has been an integral part of the city since its inauguration in 1863, making it one of the oldest tram systems in Africa and the Middle East. Construction began around 1860 to provide a structured public transport solution in a city that was rapidly growing as a Mediterranean trade hub. The first trams were horse-drawn, connecting the city center to the coastal suburb of Ramleh.
Even in its earliest days, the tram was instrumental in shaping Alexandria’s urban life, providing residents with reliable and affordable mobility.
In the late 19th century, as the city expanded, the tram network grew to include additional lines, some developed by European companies. By 1896, a second line, often referred to as the “city tram,” was introduced, serving new districts and complementing the original route. This period also saw the introduction of steam-powered cars, before electrification began in the early 20th century, marking a major technological advancement for Alexandria’s public transport.
The 20th century brought further modernization. Double-decker cars became a distinctive feature of the system, offering passengers elevated views of the city and the Mediterranean coastline. The tram’s iconic blue and white exterior, wide windows, and hand-calligraphed interiors made it instantly recognizable and culturally significant.
The Egyptian government plans to replace the historic tram with a partially elevated light rail system, developed with international firms including Systra, Hyundai, and Hitachi. Authorities say the project, which will double speed and triple capacity, is the “only solution” to the city’s traffic congestion.
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