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Oct. 29, celebrated as Republic Day, marks the formal establishment of the Republic of Türkiye. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Türkiye's founding leader, introduced this national holiday as a legacy for future generations.
On this day in 1923, a landmark amendment in the Turkish Parliament defined Türkiye’s governance as a republic. This momentous decision was commemorated with a 101-gun salute, underscoring the importance of the event.
Cumhuriyetin kuruluşunun 101. yıl dönümü ve Cumhuriyet Bayramı dolayısıyla Kars'ta kutlama törenleri düzenlendi. Bazı çocuklar törene ellerinde Türk bayrağı ve askeri kıyafet giyerek katıldı. ( Cüneyt Çelik - Anadolu Ajansı )
KIRKLARELI, TURKIYE - OCTOBER 29: Children with Turkish flags gather for a ceremony celebrating the 101st Anniversary of the Turkish Republic Day in Kirklareli, Turkiye on October 29, 2024. ( Özgün Tiran - Anadolu Agency )
Cumhuriyetin kuruluşunun 101. yıl dönümü ve Cumhuriyet Bayramı dolayısıyla Düzce'de kutlama törenleri düzenlendi. ( Ömer Ürer - Anadolu Ajansı )" alt="Türkiye's Republic Day: Commemorating founding of nation on Oct. 29">
Cumhuriyetin kuruluşunun 101. yıl dönümü ve Cumhuriyet Bayramı dolayısıyla Kars'ta kutlama törenleri düzenlendi. Bazı çocuklar törene ellerinde Türk bayrağı ve askeri kıyafet giyerek katıldı. ( Cüneyt Çelik - Anadolu Ajansı )KIRKLARELI, TURKIYE - OCTOBER 29: Children with Turkish flags gather for a ceremony celebrating the 101st Anniversary of the Turkish Republic Day in Kirklareli, Turkiye on October 29, 2024. ( Özgün Tiran - Anadolu Agency )Cumhuriyetin kuruluşunun 101. yıl dönümü ve Cumhuriyet Bayramı dolayısıyla Düzce'de kutlama törenleri düzenlendi. ( Ömer Ürer - Anadolu Ajansı )
The Ottoman Empire operated as an absolute monarchy until 1876, then as a constitutional monarchy until its defeat in World War I. Following the Empire’s collapse, Turkish national forces, led by Mustafa Kemal, launched the War of Independence, achieving victory in October 1922.
Turkish Parliament was established on April 23, 1920, and on Jan. 20, 1921, the Fundamental Law (Teski̇lat-i Esasi̇ye Kanunu) asserted national sovereignty. On Nov. 1, 1922, the sultanate was abolished, marking the end of Ottoman rule.
On Oct. 27, 1923, following the resignation of the Council of Ministers and an impasse in forming a new cabinet, Mustafa Kemal and Ismet Inonu prepared a constitutional amendment proposing a republican form of government. The assembly adopted the amendment on Oct. 29, 1923, formally establishing the republic.
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After Türkiye’s victory in the War of Independence, a new government structure was essential to secure the nation’s future. Ataturk and his colleagues concluded that a republic was the most fitting choice. On Oct. 29, 1923, the Republic of Türkiye was officially declared, signaling a significant shift in the nation’s governance.
This year is the 101st anniversary of the declaration of the republic.
Initially, Oct. 29 was not designated as a national holiday. However, spontaneous public celebrations occurred on Oct. 29 and 30 in 1923. On Oct. 26, 1924, a decree established Republic Day with a 101-gun salute, creating a tradition for future commemorations.
On Feb. 2, 1925, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs proposed a bill to recognize Oct. 29 as a national holiday. Approved by Parliament’s Constitution Committee and enacted on April 18, 1925, the “Law on the Consideration of October 29 as a National Holiday for the Proclamation of the Republic” formally established the observance. Since 1925, Republic Day has been celebrated across Türkiye and by Turkish embassies worldwide.
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