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Ukraine requires an estimated $587.7 billion to recover and rebuild from damage caused by Russia’s four-year invasion, according to a joint report released Monday by the World Bank, the Ukrainian government, the United Nations and the European Commission.
The figure represents nearly three times Ukraine’s projected 2025 gross domestic product and is 12% higher than last year’s estimate, following a winter marked by heavy Russian attacks on energy infrastructure that left millions without heating and electricity.
The estimate reflects damage assessed through Dec. 31, 2025.
Four years of war have severely impacted Ukraine’s economy, reduced towns and cities to rubble and forced millions of people to flee.
More than one in seven homes across the country have been damaged or destroyed, the report said.
Since the end of the assessment period, Russia has continued large-scale strikes on Ukraine’s energy grid, including missile and drone attacks that have completely destroyed some power plants.
Reconstruction costs are highest in the transport sector at an estimated $96 billion, followed by the energy and housing sectors at about $90 billion each.
Clearing debris and managing explosive hazards, including de-mining efforts, are projected to require $28 billion.
The frontline Donetsk and Kharkiv regions are expected to need the largest share of investment, while the capital Kyiv will require more than $15 billion for recovery, according to the report.
Western allies have allocated more than $400 billion in financial, military and humanitarian assistance to Ukraine since Russia’s invasion in February 2022, according to data from the Germany-based Kiel Institute.
A planned European Union loan of 90 billion euros ($106 billion) will primarily cover Ukraine’s military expenses, with the remainder set aside for general budget support, Brussels said in January.
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